The Nederlandse Kooikerhondje (also known as the Kooiker) is a petite spaniel with Dutch roots and a distinctive white and orange (or red) coat. The compact size and friendly nature of these sporting dogs have made them a reliable companion for duck hunters for centuries, but today they’re masters of canine competitions and loveable family dogs.

Learn all about the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje, including their care needs, temperament, and more.

Characteristics of the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

Don’t let the long name put you off from getting to know this unique dog breed—many people refer to these dogs as Kooikers for short. The Kooiker makes for a low-maintenance and alert family companion, but they can have a sensitive nature and be wary of strangers. While they're often wary of strangers at the start, they make fast friends and will likely do well in homes with other pets.

Perhaps one of the lesser-known members of the sporting group, Kooikers are personality-packed, faithful, good-natured, and confident, making them excellent companions for a young and active family. They're up for an adventure any day of the week and love to be put to work with a "job" that keeps them mentally and physically stimulated.

One of the Kooiker’s most notable features are the long black hairs adorning their ears. Often referred to as "earrings," this feathering is a desirable trait in Kooikers.

History of the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

One look at the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje and it’s clear that this sporting dog is of spaniel origin. To understand how they came to be, it's important to first look at the history of Dutch waterfowl hunting. In the Netherlands, where the Kooiker hails from, it was common practice to create man-made duck decoy ponds, referred to as "eendenkooi," to lure in waterfowl.

Hunters, known as kooikers, would use this pond network to make bird populations more accessible and trap entire flocks. The Nederlandse Kooikerhondje seamlessly fit into the hunt by remaining a patient and alert hunting companion, capable of luring waterfowl in with their plumed tail and playful antics. The name Kooikerhondje was an obvious choice in Dutch, literally meaning the "kooiker’s dog."

While it's easy to understand how Kooikers became a part of Dutch life, it’s more unclear as to when this breed first appeared on the scene. Dogs bearing a direct resemblance to the modern Kooiker are clearly seen in paintings from Dutch artists like Rembrandt, Jan Steen, and Vermeer from the 17^th century. Clearly, these dogs have been in existence since at least this early era, with some estimating they date back to the Middle Ages.

Organized breed development didn’t begin until Kooikers were nearly extinct in the late 1930s. A decline in traditional hunting methods—plus the extreme socioeconomic pressures of World War II—caused the numbers of this Dutch dog to dwindle.

The survival of the breed is credited to Baronesse von Hardenbroek van Ammerstol, who launched a search for Kooikers in 1939. She found one Kooiker-type dog, named Tommy, in the northern part of the Netherlands and, through careful breeding with similar dogs, the Baronesse was able to launch a successful Kooikerhondje kennel, named Walhalla, that remained in operation until 1976.

In 1971, the Dutch Raad van Beheer (similar to the AKC) granted recognition to the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje breed. The breed prospered from the dedicated efforts of breeders and the spotlight of showing and competition. However, the first Kooikerhondje litter wasn’t born in the United States until 1999, making the breed a relative newcomer to the States. In 2004, the AKC accepted the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje into its Foundation Stock Service. Then, in 2018, the breed received full AKC recognition.

It’s commonly accepted that the Kooikerhondje was a pivotal part of the breed development of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. Physical features, such as the plumed tail, and behavioral traits like tolling, point to the Kooikerhondje’s influence on this Canadian sporting dog.

Nederlandse Kooikerhondje Care

A true sporting dog, the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje has a pleasant and easygoing temperament in the home and a determined, driven attitude in the field. These dogs are known for being tireless workers that remain vigilant and in sync with their handlers. In the home, this attentive spirit makes them loyal family dogs—though their sensitive nature means they might be easily affected by harsh mannerisms and rough handling.

Exercise

For a truly happy and healthy Kooiker, make sure your dog gets a healthy dose of daily exercise. Though they’re generally adaptable and enjoy a leisurely stroll, they do need vigorous activity and mental stimulation.

Aside from walking, running, and hiking, Kooikers often excel at dock diving, flyball, and agility.

Grooming

This breed’s feathered coat and plumed tail might make you think that these dogs are high-maintenance when it comes to grooming—however, enthusiasts of the breed point out that the opposite is generally true.

Their medium-length fine hair resists snarling, which was a practical consideration in the dog’s early days as a hunting companion that had to negotiate brush and bramble. Their coat is also water-resistant and doesn’t become dirty quickly. Give your dog a weekly brushing and an occasional bath and their beautiful silky coat will stay in tip-top shape.

Like most dogs, it's important to maintain other aspects of your Kooiker's appearance. You should clean their ears regularly, keeping an eye out for any unusual redness or secretions. Their nails should be trimmed at least once a month—if you don't feel confident cutting their nails on your own, you can take your dog to a groomer instead. You should also help your dog maintain good oral hygiene by brushing their teeth at least a couple of times per week.

Training

Like many other spaniel-type dog breeds, the Kooiker benefits from having clear pack leadership. If a leadership void exists, the Kooiker will easily rise to the occasion and can turn dominant and strong-willed. Frequent and ongoing training will reinforce your dog’s pack position and help them feel secure in the household.

While not watchdogs per se, the Kooiker can be wary of strangers. To overcome this shyness, it’s advisable to introduce your dog to new faces and situations early and often, including frequent guests at home and trips to the dog park. This will help your dog to become well-adjusted and adaptable.

Common Health Problems

The Nederlandse Kooikerhondje is a reasonably hearty breed, with a longer lifespan than many other medium-sized canines. However, the limited gene pool at the start of the 20th century likely contributed to some of the breed’s tendencies toward certain health problems. Various health issues your Kooiker may contend with include:

• Cataracts: This eye problem causes the lens of the eye to become clouded. It leads to vision loss.
• Epilepsy: This is a neurological disease. It causes seizures.  
• Von Willebrand’s disease: This condition affects the blood’s ability to clot, resulting in prolonged bleeding.
• Patellar luxation: This causes the kneecap to move out of the groove it should stay in. It can cause limping, a dog might lick their knee, and the leg might be bent at an unusual angle.
• Neuro-muscular disorders: These include polymyositis, which is a skeletal muscle disorder that causes damage to the muscles, leading to symptoms like pain, weakness, lethargy, and muscle wasting, and myelopathy that causes degeneration of the white matter of the spinal cord, leading to weakness and paralysis of the limbs.

Diet and Nutrition

Feed your Kooiker a balanced, high-quality diet with their long-term health and happiness in mind as a priority. Generally speaking, Kooikers will do well with two proportioned meals per day.

Like all dogs, Kooikers love a treat but these should be kept in check. If you are unsure what or how much to feed your pet, ask your vet for advice.

Where to Adopt or Buy a Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

Despite the breed’s relatively recent arrival to the United States, a significant network of Kooiker enthusiasts exists. Among the Kooiker community are reputable breeders that are committed to the health and legacy of the breed.

While it may be possible to find a Kooiker in a shelter or with a rescue league, few rescues exist dedicated solely to this rare breed.

Here are several resources to start your search for a Kooiker puppy:

• Nederlandse Kooikerhondje Club of the USA
• American Kennel Club Breeder Listing
  

Nederlandse Kooikerhondje Overview

The Nederlandse Kooikerhondje is an active dog who can be a good companion for hunters, and this breed can also make a lovely family pet. These dogs need appropriate training and socialization, and they are intelligent, loyal, and hardworking. 

Pros of Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

• Not overly excitable; easygoing
• Low-maintenance coat
• Petite size for an active breed

Cons of Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

• Limited breeders in the U.S.
• Strong prey drive
• Shy around strangers without proper socialization

23 Best Rare and Unique Dog Breeds

More Dog Breeds and Further Research

The Kooiker is a unique dog breed that is known for their adaptability. If you’re ready to introduce this Dutch dog into your life, you have a lot of adventure ahead. Do more research by getting in touch with the Kooikerhondje official breed club. Many breeders and Kooiker owners are also happy to share firsthand knowledge of the breed.

If you're interested in similar breeds, check out:

• Norwegian Buhund
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
• Brittany

There are many different dog breeds out there. With a bit of careful research, you can find your next best friend!